Blues and jazz are closely related African American music styles that emerged in the U.S. South around the turn of the 20th century, but they differ in origins, form, and emphasis.
Blues is slightly older and began as largely rural music shaped by work songs, field hollers, and church music. It is often built on a repeating 12-bar harmonic pattern, blue notes (especially flatted thirds and sevenths), AAB lyric stanzas, and call-and-response, with the human voice, guitar, harmonica, and piano front and center.
Jazz grew out of blues and ragtime in urban New Orleans and is typically more communal and improvisational. It uses blues elements but stretches them with complex chord changes, syncopation/swing, and ensemble interplay; common instruments include piano, horns (trumpet, saxophone, trombone, clarinet), double bass, and drums.
Source: What’s the Difference Between Blues and Jazz? — Encyclopaedia Britannica