Are all diatonic scales major scales?

No. The major scale (Ionian mode) is only one of the seven common diatonic modes. The others—Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian (natural minor), and Locrian—use the same seven-note diatonic collection but start on different degrees, so their half-step and whole-step patterns differ.

Open Music Theory groups Lydian, Ionian, and Mixolydian as brighter, more major-like modes because they have a major third above the tonic; Dorian, Aeolian, Phrygian, and Locrian are darker (minor-type) modes with a minor third.

Source: Introduction to Diatonic Modes and the Chromatic Scale — Open Music Theory

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