Why does a Hubble galaxy cluster look like a smiling face?

The “smiling” object is the galaxy cluster SDSS J1038+4849 in the constellation Ursa Major, imaged by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. Its two orange “eyes” are very bright galaxies and its white “nose” is another galaxy, while the curved “smile” lines are arcs created by strong gravitational lensing: the cluster’s enormous mass warps spacetime, as Einstein’s general relativity predicts, bending and magnifying light from galaxies far behind it. Because the background source, the cluster and Earth are almost perfectly aligned, that bent light forms a near-circular Einstein ring around the face. The image itself is not new: NASA and ESA released it on February 9, 2015, from Hubble’s WFPC2 and WFC3 cameras as part of a survey of strong lenses.

Source: NASA Science — Hubble Sees a Smiling Lens

Image: Galaxy cluster SDSS J1038+4849. ESA/Hubble & NASA, acknowledgement Judy Schmidt, via esahubble.org, CC BY 4.0.

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